Improvement in power-looms for weaving wire-cloth



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

- ERASTUS B. BIGELOW, OF BOSTGN, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN POWER- Looms -FoR wEAvlNG WIRE-CLOTH.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 18,320, dated October6, 1857.

To all whom, it may conc-ern: -Be it known that I, ERAsTUs B. BTGEiIow,of

Boston, in the county of Suffolk, in the; State.

of Massachusetts, have'invented new and useful Improvements inPower-Looms for Weaving Wire-Cloth; and I hereby declare that thefollowing isa fulland exact description thereof, reference being had tothe accompanying' drawings, and to the letters ot' reference markedthereon., A

Figure l is a front elevation; Fig. 2, a left hand end elevation Fig. 3,a right-hand end elevation; Fig. 4, a plan; Fig. 5, a vertical'secnon,and Figs. 6;, 1, 8, 9, 1 0, v11, 12, 1a;14, 1.5, 16, 17, and 18` aredetails.

Heretofore wire -cloth of the description herein contemplated has beenwoven on handloorns, which require for weaving wide cloth the aid of twopersons, one on either side of the loom, who alternately throw theshuttle across the web, and preparatory totthrowing the shuttle theydraw from'fthe bobbin and. straighten the wire required forthe-succeeding shot, while both co-operate to swingfthe ponderous latheemployed to beat up the cloth. Owing to the infiexibility of wire, themovements of the ordinary power-loom are not suited to weaving wirefabrics, .the-tlylshuttle beingtoo uncertain in its action for perfectwork',fand not adapted to straighten the Wire exigencies of the case.therefore, I so organize my wirefcloth power-'loom as to give to theshuttle a positive mechanical motion as it is being passed through the'shed of the wire .warps from side -to side ot` the loom, and -I alsoprovide the shuttle with a Wirestraightener, through whichythefilling-wire passes.

and is straightened as it is Adrawn from. the shuttle-bobbin by theaforesaid positive movement of theshu'ttle; and to prevent the dragorpull required to straighten the filling-wire, as aforesaid, from drawing'in the fselvage'f wires and contracting theclothfl employ pointed bars,one on either side of the loom, which lhave ay vibratory motion towardand from the selvages of' the cloth; .-also, a vertical motion up' and'down, by which latter motion they are alternately 4thrust between thetilling-wire of the shuttle and the selvages o f the cloth, so that whenthe 'shuttle is passed through ythe wire Warps the filling-wire drawsaround said pointed bars and pulls them, re-

spectively, toward'lthe selvages of vthe cloth until they are arrestedby a. stop, whichv pre-l vents the pull o'rdrag of said filling-wirefrom drawing in said selvage-wires.' Then justbefore the shuttleV hasreached its greatest extent of outward motion said pointed barsarewithdrawn fromi'betw'eenthe said filling-wire and said salvage-wirestoallowthe inal mol v tion of the shuttle to drawthfe said `filling-wire:snug up to the said selvage-Wires, and produce a true and even selvage.

The first part offmy invention ,therefore consists inthe mode ,ofconstructing and operating the shuttle, and combining it withaselvage-forming apparatus, whereby'the', fill- Vimg-indre isstraightened, the certain actionof' the shuttlesecu'red, and the widthand selvages of the-cloth preserved, whatever may be the inexvibility ofthe filling-wire orthe pull or drag required thereon to straighten it.The aforesaid 'pointed bars` for preserving the selvages of thewire-clothare also employed to stopth'e loom when a filling-wire'fails.

Another part of my invention therefore consists in the mode of arrangingthe parts which connect the aforesaid pointed bars for preserving theselva-ges of. the cloth .with `the loomfshipper, whereby the loomis'throw'nv out -of gear when the tillingfwire breaks -o'r'is -exhaustedon thebobbin. as it comes from the bobbin.A Toj meet the Another partofmy invention relates totheV Aoperation 'of the lathe, and consists inthemode lof 'giving to the. lathe a double action,

.whereby th e-,first action, or that which sets the warp-wire, is givenby the action of a spring causing the reed to strike the cloth with asud-l den blow, like thatot ahammer, and the second action, or `that'which completes the oper-.

ation, is given by pressure-rollers.

It a warpwire breaks and chances to-lie across others when they arecrossed to form a new shed, it will either cut-them oft or stretchthemso as to. make Abad work. l To prevent inconvenience arising fromthis source is the object of the last part of the invention, whichconsists in the mode of constructing and arrangingthe parts ofthe'warp-wire stopmotionl and combining Ait with the loomship per forstopping the loom when. a 'warplwire breaks.

These improvements will be better under stood by reference to theaccompanying drawings, n whichwheelsgiand 'h'.f "llheloom is driven-byffricf tion-cones and its momentum 'overcomefby a friction-brake. l

Y e' represents thefrictioircone, and j the belt-V cone, whichis pressedagainst the -frictionr cone e to drive the loom and withdrawn from it tostop the loom'. The belt-Coney' isacted upon to drive and step the loomby the ship-y pinglever 75,' the rear end of which. is 'supported by thestand Z and vibrates on thestnd m, while its forwardend engages with theshipper n, The shipper n vibrates on the stud o, and at its upper endplies in the stand 1J and is drawn inward by the Weaver to starttheloomiand when released is thrown out-` ward by the shipper-spring tostop the loom in the usual way q represents a brakelever for arrestingthe loom, which is brought into action by the camA r acting on theroller s. When it is desirable to turn the loom without moving theshipper, the weaver may release the brake-lever q-by' stepping on' thetreadle t, which through the s medium of the arm u and lever r forcesthe roller s from under the cam 'l'. This mode of.

driving and stopping power-looms is more-7 fully described in my patententitled fim provements in looms, granted the 8th day f April,y 11.856,and numbered 14,590.

To enable the weaver to conveniently turn the loom forward and back toplaceit in position for mendilg the warp-wires, ne., I ap: ply adoubleacting slow motion to the end of the driving-shaft d, oppositefrom the main' drivingcones,`as follows: q represents van upright shaft,the lower end of which is to be su pprtediindreceive motion f rom amaindriver in any Way best suited to the mill where the looms are to be run,while its upper end is supported by the shipper-lever fr and carries the'bevel-pinion s which is suitably formed to engage with either of thebevelwheels t' and u on the said driving-shaft d. The shipperflever r issupported by the shaft 1;', which vibrates in the stands w and 'y'represents a spring, which extends forward from the shipper-lever 'r'and terminates in the form of a handle zi t a, represents aguide-stand,which is shapedV as show-n in Fig. l5, and b2 a stud whichis shaped to conform thereto. When the stud, b2 is at the bottom of theAV, the beveled pinion s runs clear of both of the bevel-wheels t and uto turn the loom. Therefore the weaver by acting on the handle sA throwssaid beveled pinion s into one or the other of said beveled wheels t'and u', according to the direction of the motion required, and when saidbevel-pinion is withdrawn the spring y forces the stud b2 back to thebot"-y tonl of the V and holds the said'pinion in va 1emeheutralposition until `theweaver shall again bring it into action. v

w represents the Warpfwire beam, which is formed with a seriesofrecesses for thewire; as'in'hand-looms. t n

,ai relgrresents the vibrating 'roller forregulatingt'he' 'delivery ofthe warp-wire, and y and e'the'take-up ,rollers for taking upthefinishedclothw f The wirewarps pass 'from the warp-wire the harnesses aa and reed b tothe take-up rollers y and s. The `take-np rollers aredrawn together to hold the cloth by the springs c oeactng on the rods dd', and to insure the movement of the top roller-.y the two rollers-aregenred Ytogether by the gears e' and f. The take-up rollers y and e aremoved a introduced,by the cam gf; which acts on the lever hf, andthrough the lmedium of the bar i', lever j', andv pawl lo' turns the'ratchet wheel t'. The ratchet-wheelA Z turns on the end of the axis ofthe take-up roller eas on a stnd, and through the action ot' the pinionm', intermediate wheel and pinion n', and

e) turns the said take-up rollers.

Y The'object of the intermediate wheel and pinionn is to graduate by achange oi?A size the movement ot' the take-np motion to thegreat/:variety of cloth required, which varies from four to eighty wiresperinch.. p` represents. a pawl to hold the ratchetwheel-Z from beingdrawn back by the pull of the wire Warps.

The vibrating roller :I: for regulating the delivery of the warp-Wirebefore mentioned is supported by the vibrating levei's Q g', which arejointed' at their-upper end to the stands r r', while'their lower endsterminate in the vform of a cogged segment andengage with the pinions ss on the shaft t. rocks'in thev stands u/ u and carries the arms 1J' u',from which tension -weights are suspended to give tension to thewarp-wire. The said tension-weights. may be applied directly to the armsu e', or they may be suspended below thefloor of the weaving-room by thestraps w w. Y Y

The object ofthe weights i ust described is to give tension to thewarp-wire merely; but as the degree of tension 'bestsuited to sheddingthe warp-wires is not in most fabrics sniicient to .resist the blow ot'the lathe in beating u p the weft-wires brakes are. em- 'ployed to` holdthe vibrating roller a: during follows: To either end ot` the shaft t afriction-pulley o2 is aiiixed.

p2 p2 represent friction-brakes, onev on either side of the loom,(thoughinulight fab- -rics one brake will be sufficient which vibrate onthe studs@l2 q2-at their upper ends,

4and are connected with their respective levers ,v2 ria't their lower`ends` by the connectingrosdss2 s2.

beam w, around the vibrating rollerfr, through s given distance ever-ythread of filling-wire y wheel o (which is fast to the axis of theroller i The shaft t' that operationLwhich brakes are applied as The.levers r2 r2 vibrate on their respective studs t2 t2,and are actuated bythe cams u2 u2 onthe main shaft b, which cams are so shaped as to bringthe said brakes p2 p2 into action, whenl the lathe beats up and setsthem free at other times. v

0n the warpfwire beam w the worm-wheel is axed, which receives motionfrom the worm y lon the let-oiifmotionfsh'aft z. ".The

let-oi-Inotion shaft z" is supported by the stands a? a2, and isactuated by the cam b2 on the main shaft b. The cam b2 acts on theroller o2 and forces the lever d2 forward to turn the let-offmotion,while said lever'cZ2 falls back for renewed action by its ownweight. Motion is communicated from said lever (Z2 to the let-o-motionshaftz through the medium of the connecting bar c2, the three-armedvibrating lever f2, crown-ratchet g2, awl h2,

pinion t2, and cogged wheel jl. The ratchet g2 revolves on thestud k2and has the pinion i? aixed to its hub. One of t-hel pawls h2 h2 is madeshorter than .the other by half the space between the ratchet-teeth,thus giving greater accuracy of action thanhit only one pawl was used.

The action of the leteo motion is regulated .and adapted to therequirements of the loom fin the form of a weight of suicient size toconstantly tend' to throw up the opposite end just described.

o2 represents a stop, which is aixed to the brake-pulley o2 tolimit theupward movement of said regulatingdever m2.

From the foregoing description of the parts which compose thelet-oimot-ion it will be understood that as the cam b2 at each revolutionlforces the lever d2 forward :to a given point to turn the let-oli:`motion, the extent to which said let-ott motionwill be moved by any onerevolutiomof .said 4cam b2 will depend uponthc extent which thesaidlever(Z2 shall tall back for renewed action. Consequently when more.warp-wire is being given out than is-re'qnired forthe cloth beingwoven, the vibrating roller w, under the action of tension-weights,falls back and raises the stop e2, which allowsthe end ofthe.regulatingle verfm2 on which it acts to rise and present such an oneot the' seriesot notches 'rt2 'n2 as will suitably diminish the backwardmovement of the lever d2. Then as more warpwire is required than isbeing given ont, the said vibrating roller is. drawn forward, whichforces down the regulating-lever m2 and presents such an one ofthe-notches nzfn2A 'as will give the required increase `of motion tothe'lever cl2.

The harnesses 0,' a. are suspended from the roller v? by the chains w2w2 and' connected with the treadles 122 z2,.the whole being operatcdbythe cams asas in asimilar manner to the harnesses in the ordinarypower-loom.

described.

The lathe is suspended from the shaft ,113, which rocks in the boxes c3c3.

d3 d3 represent the swords of the lathe, e3 the race-beam, fJthereed-binder, and gs the reed-cap.

h3 representsa shaft, which rocks in the boxes i3 i3 and has the arms7'37'5 (oneon either end thereof) extending upward from it, the upperends of saidarms being connected to their lrespective swords d3 (Z3 bythe connecting-bars 'k3 k3. Za representsa cam on the main shaft b, andm3 m3 springs, theforward ends of which arebolted to projections cast onthe shaft b3, 'while their rear ends are connected to a loom girth bytheir respective straps n3. n3. I o3 o3 represent balance-weights tocounter- .'actvthe weight ofthe lathe when forward of its center ofgravity.

-The lathe is drawn Aback by the cam Z3 acting on the roller p3. Then asthe said roller p3 is set Vfree by the said cam Z3 the springs er1/Smsforce the reed against the fell ofthe cloth by a sudden blow of thelathe, which sets the warp-wires. Then the pressure-rollers q? qone ofwhich is carried by the arm r3 andv the other by the main gear f, comeround and strike against similar rollers s3 s3 on the lower ends of theswords (Z8 d3 ot the Vlathe and completes the operation.

.The model of constructing and operating the shuttle, straightenin g thefilling-wire, and preserving the selvages will now be described.

The shuttle is formed, as represented, on a scale of one-halt size in.Figs. 10 and 11, in which Fig. l0 represents afront view and Fig. ll atop View. y

' us represents the body part of kthe shuttle, and fus 123 theshuttle-handles, by which the shuttle is carried through the shed, asbereinafter to be described. A

w3 w3 represent stands, which extend forward from the body part us ofthe shuttle and supportthe filling-wire bobbn ma, which revolves on thepin z3.

a4 represents a friction-lever,which is forced against the'lling-wire onthe bobbin m3 by the spiral spring b4 to prevent the too free movementof the saidbobbin x3.' As the filling-wire is drawn from the bobbin'zr3in the process of weaving it passes through a wirestraightener outbetween the guide-rollers c4 cias indicated by the red line 'f5 in Figs.4 and 11. The wire-straightener is composed of a series of pins d4d4, apartof which project upward from the arm c4 and the remaining partproject downward from the arm f4. The arm e4 is secured firmly to thebody part us of the shuttle, whilethe arm f4 is madeto swing on thestud-screw g4 to facilitatev passing the filling-wire between the saidpins d4 d4, and is heldin position by the springv -h,

The double action of the lathe will now be v guide-rollers c4 c4 aresunk` into the parts' which are connected with them, whereby they areshielded, so as to prevent the filling-wire from slipping over them. Inweaving some fabrics, instead of the pins d4 d4, two conformingfriction-surfaces may be employed to straighten the wire,-"said surfacesbeing pressed together by a spring and the wire drawn between them.

r The shuttle is handed or carried through the shed of the warp-wirefrom oneside of l he loom to the other .by the shuttle-arms i4 '114,

one on either side of the loom, which have a simultaneous motion towardand from the center of the web and slide on their respective waysj* ji.The'inner ends of -theshuttle arms it i4 are provided with sockets,which are suitably formed to receive the shuttlehandles v3 c3, and aremade bell-shaped atthcir openings to facilitate the ingress of saidhandles. The shuttle engages with the shuttle-arms, as represented inFigs.' 1 and 4, and is secured thereto when required by the'latchlevers154704, which vibrate on their respective studs Z4 Z4.

m4 m4 represent springs which have a constant tendency to throw thehooks n4 n4 on the latch-levers 162752 into action, so that when theshuttle-handles 'U3 'p5 enter the sockets in their respectiveshuttle-arms i4 4 the hooks a* n* glide over the points of the saidshuttlehandles U3 e5 and lock into the openings o4 o4. Ihe shuttle isalternately carried from the side of the web to the other, one armcarrying it. toward the centen' ot' the web until it meetsv the otherarm, which receives it and carries it to the opposite side of the webfrom whence it started. The hooks n* n4 are alternately released tocause the shuttle to take the right direction after the two arms havecome t-ogether in the center of the web, as aforesaid, by the levers p4p4, which vibrate on` their re spectivestuds q4 g4; 'l

r4 r4 represent projections which presenti a cam-like surface to similarsurfaces s4 s4 on the latch-levers c k, as represented ,in Figs. U and4. The levers p4 p4 are alternately raised while the shuttle is beingcarried from the side of the web toward the center thereof,

so that the cam-like surfaces .s4 s4 come in contact with theprojections r4 r4 j ust before the shuttle-arms reach their greatestextent of inward motion,and thus release the hooks fn.4 *m4,* the saidhooks n4 n4 being released in.

alternate correspondence with the4 movement ot' the shuttle-that is tosay, the hook on the side of the loom from which the shuttle is takeninto the shed is released, while the one on the opposite side is left inaction to draw the shuttle to the opposite side of the loom from whenceit started. l

The mode of com municatingmotiou to the levers p4 p4 will be hereinafterdescribed in connection with the filling-wire stop-motion. The waysjtj,before mentioned, are screwed.

to the horizontal plate t4, one end of which isv supported bythestand'u, 'while the other -is bolted to the projection o4 onthe-loom-frame.

l 104 represents a horizontal girth placed between the loom-frame and-the upper end of the stand/Lt4 to' give steadiness to the partsconnected therewith.` m4 represents another 1 horizontal girth whichconnects the lower end .of said stand a4 to the loom-frame and supportsthe counter-shafts y* g4, which operate the shuttle.l The end of thegirth m4 which Vis presented'to the loom-frame' is made in two parts ltoreceive the bevel-gears 24.24, as represented inv Fig;v 17. Thecounter-shafts y* y, th rough the said bevel-gears e4 .24', receivemotion from the mainshaft b and carry their respective double cams a5a5; The said double cams a5 a5 act on their respective cam-rollers 4b5b5, and, through the medium of the depending leversc5 c5, connectingbarsd5 d5, upright.

levers e5 e5, and bars f5 f5 move their respective shuttle-arms i4 4 ina manner to carry the shuttle through the shed, as before described. l Y

The apparatus for preserving the selvages of the cloth may beunderstood-as follows: The pointed bars g5 g5, which prevent the drag onthetilling-wirefrom drawing in the selvages, extend upward from thehorizontal arms h5 h5, which are afxed to the upperends of the verticalshafts 115 z5. @f5 'i5-one on either side of the loom-are supported bysuitable sockets formed in their re# spective rock-levers `7'5 j5attheir lower ends, while they are guided and supported at their upperends by the stands 155 105, in which they have both a verticalandrocking motion. The

rock-levers 7'5 7'5 are supported by their-respective stands Z5 Z5,`andtheir inward arms extend back and receive motion from the double cams m5m5 on the carni-shaft c, while their outward arms extend forward and arebent to receive'the lower ends of the vertical shafts 115115, asaforesaid, and 'as represented by the detached plan thereof in Fig. 7.The vertical shafts 'i5 5 are prevented from rising out oftheir-respective sockets by the lugsen5 a5, which so ply in grooves insaid shafts as to secure them in their position without im peding thelrrocking motion'.

o5 o5 represent arms whichvextend fromf/the vertical shafts 5 '115 toact upon the filling-wire stop-motion, as hereinafter to be explained.

p5 p5 represent stops against which the arms o5 o5 strike to preventthe. shafts 715 5 from rocking too far toward or from the selvages ofthecloth. l

g5 g5 represent springs which have a vconstant tendency to draw the armsh5 h5 away from'the selvages of the cloth.

Now suppose the loom to be in that stage of its operation at which it isrepresented in Figs. LL and 5. The cam m5 raises the shaft Theverticalshafts i5 (on the side of the'loom where the shuttle is located)and brings. the pointed bar g5 up between the filling-wire 'frs and theselvage of the cloth. The 'shuttle then 'enters the web and draws thesaidftllling-wire r around the said pointed bar'gi'gwhich at Vthis stageof' the operation serves to take'up the slack of said filling-wire T5,caused by the returning movement ofthe shuttle, and prevent it fromkinking or twisting together; but as the shuttle furtherproceeds on itscourse across the web the said filling-wire of draws the said pointedbar q5 around toward` the selvage to a line with Vthe till of the-cloth,where'it is arrested by the stop p5, and 'prevents the 'drag on thefilling-wire fr'from drawing in the se1vage-wire.'I Then just before theshuttle completes its movement the said cam 'm5 withdraws thes'a'idpointed bar g5, which allowsv ternately, corresponding with themovements. of the'shuttle, and the shaft t5 115 carry'y their respectivearms a5 a5, which engage with the levers p4 p4,bcfore mentioned, so

that when said shafts i5 i5 are raised and depressed to bring intoaction and withdraw the said' pointed bars g5 they at the same timebring into action and withdraw the said levers p4 p4, which act on thelatch-levers k h4 to release the `shuttle, as above specified. The hubsof the arms 'a5 11,5 being loosely f1t-l ted to their respective shafts'i5 715 oier no obstructionfto their rocking motion, but they aresecured to and made to move vertically in unison with the said shafts5115 by the hub et' the arms h5 h5 ,and the collars 'v5 v5.

The mode of connecting the apparatuswhieh is employed to preserve theselvages with the loom-shipper for stopping the loom when a filling-wirefails is as follows: :v5 represents a lever, which vibrates on the studa6, and has its upper end suitably formed to act on the shipper n andthrow the loom out of gear when brought A in action for that purpose.The lower end of said' lever :c5 is not only connected with theapparatus now under conf sideration Vfor stopping the loom when the vfilling-wire fails, but also with the apparatus for stopping the loomwhen a warp-wire breaks, which latter connection will hereinafter bedescribed. It is connected with the former apparatus4 by means of thehorizontal bar be, bent arm c6, horizontal rock-shaftd, upright arms ee, and cords fi f6, which are attached to their respective arms o5 o5before described The rear end of the bar b6 is jointed tothe lower endof the vibratinglever g, which vibrates on. stud h6 and receives motionto 6 on the mainshaft b. The forward end of the lactson the projection kon the side of the lever fc5.' The bent arm cG isprovided with a fork atits extremity, in the bottom of which the bar b5 rests, and as the stop4l prevents the saidl double' cam'i. The said double cam 'i6 gives onevibratory motion to the bar b every movement of the shuttle, and if thesaid bar bs were allowed to remain in the pcf 3, it is obvious that itwould throw the loom out of -gear every operation; but by tracing theconnection of the parts of the apparatus before specified it will beseen that whenever the points or levers gif g5, or either one of age, asaforesaid, vthe cords f6 f6 willdraw forward the arms e e said camt'f'the hook j will pass clear of the projection k6 and the loom continuesin 1no fails to act on said points or levers g5 g5, or one of them, asaforesaid, the said hookj6 engages with the projection k6 and throws theloom out of gear.

The mode of combining and arranging the apparatus for stopping theloomwhena warpwire breaks will now be described. Thecontrolling part of thisapparatus is placed un- (der the warps at the backside of the loom, and.is supported at either end by the stands fm6 m. n represents aguide-frame, which resembles a long box divided by a partition o, butwithout arbottom, and contains as many weights p6 p as there are wiresin the warp,

one compartment of said guide-frame fn, and -suspended from one divisionor portion of the shed 0f the warp-wire,`an'd the other half in theother'compartment and suspended from the other division or portion of`the shed of the warp-wire, each warp-wire havingr its respect-v iveweight. vsquare form andof a thickness so nearly to vill their'respective compartments ot the said guide-frame' fn as to require noother guide to steady them, but atl the same time having` suicient playto move up and down freely.

q6 represents a bed on which the weights p p6 drop 'when their`respective warp-wires break, said bed being supported by the aforesaidstands 4,mi m6. provided with slots r6 r, in which the stopbar s6 slidesto and fro, said stop-bar s6 being connected'at both ends to therock-shaft t6 by their respective bars u ue and upright arms 'v6 e6. Therock-shaftt6 rocks in the stands w we, and receives motion from thedouble throw the loom out of gear from/the double cam said bar b isprovided with ahook j, which the shaft-d6 from turning too far the saidarm l l c6 sustains the bar in a suitable position to y act on theprojection le when drawn back by f sition just` described, andrepresented in Fig. n

them, are drawn toward the selvage lof thel cloth by the iilling-wire topreserve theselvand raise the bar b2'. smthat when it is drawn back bythe afore-Y tion, whereasif the filling from any cause one half ot' thesaid weights being put into l The'said weights are made of 'a Thestands/:fn6 m6 are f7 is another rock-lever on the rock-shaft t,

the lower end of which is connected to the lever a? before specifiedbythe rod g7, the for' ward' end of said rod g7 being provided with aslot lto allow the filling stop-motion to ac t on the said lever fri',as before specified, with- ,out disturbing theparts of the :warp-wirestop-motion. The stop k7 and the springe-7 serve to keep the levers x5and f7 in positiony to be acted upon.

l77 is a lever,-which is connected with the lever f7, as shown in Fig.3, and -vibrates on the stud k7 to-change the direction of the mo-l tionof the lever a7, so that wheneither of the parts Z7 Z7 are acted upon"by the said lever a7* it will move the lever ri and-'throw the loom outof gear. A

The mode in which the depressing of any one of the weights p6 p6consequent upon the' breaking-of a warp-"wire brings the lever a7 intoaction to stop the loom is as follows: kIt should 'be borne in mind thatthe arms Iv6 'v6 are permanently affixed to the rock-shaft t, while thehubs of, the rock-levers a7 andffv turn loosely on Said .rock-shaft t,the said' rock-lever a7 being connected with the arm 6 to give motion tothe stop-bar s6 bythe rod 197 pressing against the' recess m7 of the cam"c1-as represented inFigs. 12- and 14. Now when all the warp-wires arein working order the weights ppare suspended so as to allow the stop-bar.s6 to vibrate freely, and the inner end of the rod f7, being in' therecess m7 ofthe cam c7, allows the o'uterend: thereof to.

.pass ,the parts'Z7Z7 withoutcontactj Ibu't whenevera warp-wire breaksits respective weight p6 falls'on to the b ed Q6, o r is sufficientlydepressed i to arrest the stop-bar s6, and as the rock-lever a7i'scontinued in motion by the doublecam' 6,'which'pactuates. it, the rodf7 rises out of the recess m7 and brings its outer .end in contact withone or the other (according to the directio'njof its motion when thestop-bar sais arrested) of the parts Z7 Z7 and stops the" 110cm.,K Theweights 106106 have av tendency tojdepre'ss thewarp-wires, to prevent.vwhich 2the rollerfn7 is placed under them,

`which revolves in the stands o7 07. For the samefpurpose, also, standsmay be placed under the ends of the lease-rod'sp7 p7,and the.

middle'n portion of said rods maybe supported by wires, as representedby the lines Q7 Q7 in Fig. 5.

. I do notintend tofconiine myself to the pre-` cise form andconstruct-ion of the parts asV above specified, as it will be obvioustoma? chinists that many Vparts of the loom may be varied withoutcharming their essential char- :toter-as, for example, instead ofoperating the shuttle-arms by cams and levers, as above specified, theymay be operated by a revolving screw placed `'with its axis parallel tothe line of motion of said arms, and a suitable cennecp 'I sometimesalso.'

and consequently requires alength of iillingwire to be, introducedgreater than the width of cloth v.being-woven; otherwiseV the 'con-vt-raction'of the said filling-wire produced by crimping itwill causeundue action upon the warp-wires at the edges-of the cloth and producewhat is called vruiile selvag'es -that is, selvages longer' vthan thebody of the cloth.

In weaving such fabrics lI sometimes employ,

in addition to the above-describedapparatus for preserving 'theselvages, ftwo' or more pointed'instrnments'w5 w5,which are in properorder of time and by appropriate mechanism thrust into' the shed ofA thewarp-wire forwardofthe filling-wire, so as to give ita sort of curve,and' thus :increase f the length thereof taken into the shed, asrepresented iu'FiG. 16.`

In order' that the curve of the filling-wire may be equal on both sidesof the web when the lathe strikes, I employ two levers, one on eitherside of the loom, the position of'which isindicated at yf' g5, which*levers', after the tshuttle has passed and before-the 'said pointedlinstruments m5 @U5 are withdrawn, are alternately moved forward to bendthe wire to the fill of the cloth, so that when the lathe beats up itwill act alike on both edges. I sometimes also crimp the filling-wirebefore it is introduced into the shed by passingit through'-'iiutedrollers with. flutes of. a proportionate size to the meshes of:the clothto be woven, f Y. as represented in Fig. 18. lVhen theillingwire vis crimped by fluted rollers, as aforesaid, the shuttle isdispensed with, and the said filling-wire may be introducedinto-theshedof thewire warps by means of pinchers or nippers mounted on the endof a sliding bar supported by suitable guides on v one side of the loom,said sliding bar being so operated as to pass said pinch'ers or nippersthrough the warps `to the opposite side of the web, where they seize theend'of the filling-wire and, returning, draw it into' the shed. Thefilling-wire may be cut into suitable lengths and placed. at the side ofthe loom in asuitable mannerfor the said nippers or pinchers -tosuccessively seize kthem and draw themdinto the shed; orv the crimping--rollers may be placed opposite (on 'the opposite side ofthe loom) to thesaid nippers orl pinchers and move in unison with-the returning motionof-t-he said nippers or pinchers, thereby crimping the filling-wir@ anddelivering it tothe said l nippers or pincllers at the same time. Acutter may be attached to the,

sword of the lathe or otherwise operated, so as to cut off eachsucceeding shot' of the Killing-Wire, and thus successively present anew end .of the wire to` the said nppers or pinchers. When larger wireis used-thatis, .Wire sufficiently stiff for the purpose-the said nppersor pinchers mavbe placed on the same side of the loom as thefilling-wire is placed and be employed to successively push tirefilling-Wire into the shed, instead of drawing it in as above described.In some cases, also, the crimping-rollers may be employed so asy todischarge the filling-wire into the shed of the wire warps at the sametime they crimpit,in which case the nippers or pinchers may be dispensedwith.

Having thus described my said invention and vpointed out some of itsmodifications, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-

1.V The mode of constructing and operating the shuttle and combining itwith the selvageforming apparatus, whereby the filling-wire isstraightened, the certain action of the shuttle secured, and the widthand selvages of the iecloth preserved,substantially as speci- 2. Themode of arranging the parts which connect the selvage-formihg apparatuswith the loom-shipper, whereby the loom is thrown outof gear when thefilling-wire fails, as above set forth.

3. The mode of giving a double action to the lathe, substantially in themanner and for the purpose specified.

4. The mode of constructing and arranging the partsf'of the warp-wirestop-motion and combining it with the loom-shipper for stopping the loomwhen a warp-wire breaks, substantially as specified.

ERASTUS B. BIGELOW. Witnesses:

CHAS. HASTINGS,

FRANK F. HASTINGs.

